Sujit Prasad Kushwaha

This is the mathematics formulae book for class 12 students. Here, we have covered all the formulae needed to solve the questions of Mathematics. Permutation The total arrangement of total objects taken some or all at a time is called permutation. The permutation of 'n' objects taken 'r' at a time is denoted by $^np_{r}$ and is defined by; 1. $^np_{r}=\frac{n!}{(n-r)!}$ 2. Permutation of an object, all different;$$=\frac{n!}{p!\,q!\,r!}$$ where,  n=total objects p=repetition of first kind  q=repetition of second kind r=repetition of third kind 3. Circular permutation= $(n-1)!$ 4. If clockwise and anticlockwise arrangement are not distinguishable [necklace of beads and beads into bracelet]; Total number of permutation=$\frac{(n-1)!}{2}$ Combination The selection of total objects taken some or all at a time is called combination. The combination of 'n objects taken 'r' at a time is denoted by $^nc_{r} \, or \, c(n,r)$ and defined by; $$^nc_{r}=\frac{n!}{(n-r)!...

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१. तेस्रो स्थानमा  २. पाँचौ ठुलो  ३. प्राणीको आवास गृह  ४. सजिव ग्रह  ५. निलो रंग ६. अन्तरिक्षबाट निलो र हरियो देखिने ७. उपग्रह : चन्द्रमा ८. आयु: १२ अर्ब वर्ष (नासाको अनुसार) ९. अहिले सम्म : ४.५ अर्ब वर्ष १०. मान्छेको आयु : २००० वर्ष सम्म (स्टेफेन हव्किंग अनुसार) ११. धेरै घनत्व भऐको ग्रह 

 Syllabus: Dalton’s atomic theory and its postulates Laws of stoichiometry  Avogadro’s law and some deductions Molecular mass and vapour density Molecular mass and volume of gas Molecular mass and no. of particles Mole and its relation with mass, volume and number of particles Calculations based on mole concept Limiting reactant and excess reactant  Theoretical yield, experimental yield and % yield Calculation of empirical and molecular formula from % composition (Solving related numerical problems)

 Attempt all the questions. 1. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. [10] Pollution-the simple visible kind of pollution is now worldwide. When Apollo 8 took photographs of the earth's surface, where did they reveal the most serious smog and polluted air? Not Los Angeles, which as somehow got the reputation of having biggest and nastiest smog, but over Osaka and Tokyo in Japan. Along this strips, 34 tons of dirt a month fall on every square kilometer, compared to a mere 17 tons in New York. Coastal vessels collide regularly or run aground because they cannot see each other's navigation lights in day-light, or because light buoys are invisible. Traffic policeman go back to the police-station after four hours of duty and breathe pure oxygen from the oxygen cylinders to re-oxygenate their carbon monoxide loaded blood. In cafes and shopping centers coin-in-the slot machines give oxygen to shoppers who feel themselves about to collapse. In school, children...