Sujit Prasad Kushwaha

This is the mathematics formulae book for class 12 students. Here, we have covered all the formulae needed to solve the questions of Mathematics. Permutation The total arrangement of total objects taken some or all at a time is called permutation. The permutation of 'n' objects taken 'r' at a time is denoted by $^np_{r}$ and is defined by; 1. $^np_{r}=\frac{n!}{(n-r)!}$ 2. Permutation of an object, all different;$$=\frac{n!}{p!\,q!\,r!}$$ where,  n=total objects p=repetition of first kind  q=repetition of second kind r=repetition of third kind 3. Circular permutation= $(n-1)!$ 4. If clockwise and anticlockwise arrangement are not distinguishable [necklace of beads and beads into bracelet]; Total number of permutation=$\frac{(n-1)!}{2}$ Combination The selection of total objects taken some or all at a time is called combination. The combination of 'n objects taken 'r' at a time is denoted by $^nc_{r} \, or \, c(n,r)$ and defined by; $$^nc_{r}=\frac{n!}{(n-r)!...

                                                                  New Syllabus Course Title: Scientific Communication                                                                   Full Marks:50 Course No: SC 101                                                   ...

Conservation of Linear Momentum The total quantity of motion contained in a body is called linear momentum . It is denoted by $\vec{P}$ and defined as the product of mass and velocity of the body. For a body of mass $m$ and velocity $v$, its linear momentum $\vec{P}$ in vector form is given by: $$\vec{P} = m\vec{v}$$ In terms of magnitude only, $$P = mv$$ SI unit of linear momentum is $\text{kg m s}^{-1}$ or Ns, and dimensional formula is $[MLT^{-1}]$. Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum It states that, "the total linear momentum of a system of particles remains constant, provided that no external force acts on the system" . Proof: From Newton's second law of motion , $$F = \frac{dP}{dt}$$ In absence of force, $$\frac{dP}{dt} = 0 \;\Rightarrow\; P = \text{constant}$$ Proof (for a system of particles): Let us consider a system of $n$ particles of total mass $M$. Then, $$M = m_1 + m_2 + \cdots + m_n$$ So, $$P = P_1 + P_2 + \cdots + P_n$$ Differe...

The Largest Structure in the Universe that you are referring to is known as the "Sloan Great Wall," and it is a vast supercluster of galaxies located in the constellation Pisces. The supercluster was discovered in 2003 by a team of astronomers using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and it is thought to be the largest known structure in the universe. The supercluster consists of 830 separate galaxies that are contained within four connected galaxy clusters. It stretches across an estimated distance of 1 billion light years and is thought to contain the mass of about 500 trillion suns. The Sloan Great Wall is so large that it takes light billions of years to traverse it, meaning that we are observing it as it was when the universe was much younger. The discovery of the Sloan Great Wall has provided important insights into the structure and evolution of the universe. Credits: NASA, ESA, Images by Science Photo Library

The cow is considered a sacred animal in Nepal and holds great cultural and religious significance. It is also an important source of livelihood for many Nepalese farmers, providing milk, meat, and dung for fuel and fertilizer. In Hinduism, cows are considered sacred and are associated with the goddesses Lakshmi and Gauri, who are considered to be the embodiment of wealth, fertility, and motherhood. The cow is also a symbol of non-violence and is believed to possess healing powers. The cow is also a symbol of wealth and status in Nepal. Many families, especially in rural areas, own cows as a sign of prosperity and a source of income. Cows are considered a valuable asset, and their ownership is often used as a measure of social status. In addition, cows are often given as gifts at weddings and other important events. The cow is also considered a symbol of motherhood and is often depicted in art and religious iconography as a nurturing figure. In Hinduism, the cow is seen as a repres...